Fig 1: (a) Immunofluorescence staining of TGF-ß1 and Smad4 in skin tissues. TGF-ß1 (red), Smad4 (green), and DAPI (blue). Bar = 100 µm. (b) Immunofluorescence staining of Col1a1 and MMP9 in skin tissues. Col1a1 (red), MMP9 (green), and DAPI (blue). Bar = 100 µm. (c) Quantitative analysis of TGF-ß1-positive and Smad4-positive area density; n = 5 for each group. (d) Quantitative analysis of Col1a1- and MMP9-positive area density; n = 5 for each group. Significant differences between different groups or any other groups vs the model group are expressed as *=P < 0.05, **=P < 0.01, and ***=P < 0.001, while significant differences between any other group and the control group are expressed as # = P < 0.05, ## = P < 0.01, and ### = P < 0.001.